During the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient. Which complex(es) are responsible for actively pumping protons?
- AComplex I and Complex II only
- BComplex I, Complex III, and Complex IV
- CComplex II and Complex IV only
- DComplex I, Complex II, Complex III, and Complex IV
✓ Correct answer: B
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