Mark the given statements True (T) or False (F).

(i) Plants capture only 1-2% of PAR.

(ii) Animals are heterotrophs and also consumers as they depend directly or indirectly on plants for food. If they feed only on producer they are called secondary consumers and if they eat other animals, they are called tertiary consumer.

(iii) The natural interconnection of food chain makes food web.

(iv) Decomposers are also known as saprotrophs.

(v) Producers belong to 1st trophic levels, herbivores to 2nd and carnivores to 3rd.

(vi) The amount of energy decreases at successive trophic levels.

(vii) Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called as standing state.

(viii) Only 10 % of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level.

(ix) The pyramid of biomass in sea is inverted because the biomass of fishes exceeds that of phytoplankton.

(x) Pyramid of energy is always upright.

(xi) Saprophytes are not given place in ecological pyramids as they do not play a vital role in the ecosystem.

(xii) The community that is in near equilibrium with the environment is called climax community.

(xiii) The gradual and predictable change in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession community.

Choose the correct option given below :